Words
as types and words as tokens
Take a look at the Text below:
The name of volcano comes from Roman term. It
derives from VULCAN which is the name of Roman fire god. Romans believed that
Vulcan lived on a volcanic Italian coast. Romans called the island VULCANO.
Rank
|
Word
|
Frequency
|
1
|
The
|
3
|
2
|
Name
|
2
|
3
|
Of
|
2
|
4
|
Volcano
|
1
|
5
|
Comes
|
1
|
6
|
From
|
1
|
7
|
Roman
|
2
|
8
|
Term
|
1
|
9
|
It
|
1
|
10
|
Derives
|
1
|
11
|
Vulcan
|
2
|
12
|
Which
|
1
|
13
|
Is
|
1
|
14
|
Fire
|
1
|
15
|
God
|
1
|
16
|
Romans
|
2
|
17
|
Believed
|
1
|
18
|
That
|
1
|
19
|
Lived
|
1
|
20
|
On
|
1
|
21
|
A
|
1
|
22
|
Volcanic
|
1
|
23
|
Italian
|
1
|
24
|
Coast
|
1
|
25
|
Called
|
1
|
26
|
Island
|
1
|
27
|
Vulcano
|
1
|
If we count the number of the words, we
can get a total of 35 words. The number of the words is commonly known as the
number of TOKENS. However, some of
the token are repeated, for instance: the tokens “name”, “from”, “Roman”, “of”, and “Romans” are repeated two times;
the token “the” is also repeated three times. Then, we can also get the total
of 35 tokens and 27 TYPES.
So, In philosophy and knowledge
representation, the type-token distinction is a distinction that
separates an abstract concept from the objects which are particular instances
of the concept. A type is an abstract conception that delineates a group of
actual and potential objects on the basis of a specified kind of similarity
between the objects. A token is a concrete manifestation of a type.
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