Jumat, 30 September 2011


Words as types and words as tokens
Take a look at the Text below:
The name of volcano comes from Roman term. It derives from VULCAN which is the name of Roman fire god. Romans believed that Vulcan lived on a volcanic Italian coast. Romans called the island VULCANO.
Rank
Word
Frequency
1
The
3
2
Name
2
3
Of
2
4
Volcano
1
5
Comes
1
6
From
1
7
Roman
2
8
Term
1
9
It
1
10
Derives
1
11
Vulcan
2
12
Which
1
13
Is
1
14
Fire
1
15
God
1
16
Romans
2
17
Believed
1
18
That
1
19
Lived
1
20
On
1
21
A
1
22
Volcanic
1
23
Italian
1
24
Coast
1
25
Called
1
26
Island
1
27
Vulcano
1

If we count the number of the words, we can get a total of 35 words. The number of the words is commonly known as the number of TOKENS. However, some of the token are repeated, for instance: the tokens “name”, “from”, “Roman”, “of”, and “Romans” are repeated two times; the token “the” is also repeated three times. Then, we can also get the total of 35 tokens and 27 TYPES.
So, In philosophy and knowledge representation, the type-token distinction is a distinction that separates an abstract concept from the objects which are particular instances of the concept. A type is an abstract conception that delineates a group of actual and potential objects on the basis of a specified kind of similarity between the objects. A token is a concrete manifestation of a type.

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